In the great blankness — waiting for the splash: Toibin’s Nora Webster, Women in Clothes; The Imitation Game

PussycatupforAdoptionHumaneSociety
A feral kitten taken in by Humane Society; let us hope it has been adopted

The very air I breathe and see around me is filled with his absence … [my own play upon, rewrite of a line in Toibin’s Nora Webster]

…. hope is a tease, designed to prevent us from accepting reality …. [one of Violet, Lady Grantham’s tougher quips, Downton Abbey, Season 5]

Dear friends and readers,

Tonight over our supper Yvette and I were listening to a beautiful piano channel on Spotify or Pandora (on her ipad), and Vitamin String quartet played a tune I recognized. I went over to look and it was “Wake me Up,” one of the dances this past summer at Dance Fusion Workshop, only we danced to the rock group Avicii whose lyrics don’t do justice to the music’s depth of pulsing relentlessness and wild abandonment. Here it is made light:

I’ve been reading, writing, watching moves, writing, listening to music, writing — what else shall I do in this great blankness? on this road stretching out ahead of me. Alone with pussycats. This enforced ritual time an intensification of the experience of loss. (Curious that it includes expensive deluding of small children.)

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One of my books is a novel by Colm Toibin, Nora Webster, which offers an extraordinarily truthful imagining of what it’s like to be just widowed after a beloved husband has been horribly sick in a hospital.

Cover

Nora Webster has made me remember how before the cancer metastasized into Jim’s liver, he smiled at me when I had come to the hospital and was just sitting there, feeling useless and perhaps showing it, and he said “I like to have you near me, it makes me feel better.” For that alone I value it immensely.

When I bought it I had no idea this was its topic; no wonder, the couple of the reviews I read managed to avoid focusing on what the book is focused on, or denied it’s what matters in the book; one jackass from the New York Times says it’s about “the stern heroine’s” “gradual re-wakening; how she gains the power to face” what? He doesn’t say. Another fool talks of how with her friends she finds employment. She gets but $6 a week for a pension and is forced to work for a mean bitch but after a while proves she can do valuable things in the office and so gets to stay half-a-day. What astonishes me is I can find nowhere in Toibin’s life an analogous experience. The thing is the other novels and poems I’ve tried show the experience is just this side of an hysteria, but that’s not the way it feels day-by-day. That’s what Toibin nails down. A great silence in which you carry on.

From Nora Webster:

“he would long for the comfort of this house and for her, as much as she longed for the past year of her life to be wiped away and for him to return to them” (62) “People would not think well of her … if they knew she thought such things were funny” (75). “Conversation was a way of managing things” (86). “But there were no other things. There was only what had happened” (86). “The problem for her was that she was on her own now and that she had no idea how to live” (86– a very rich page, 86). “Maurice had wanted her with him when he was in hospital in Dublin after his first heart attack … She remembered his eyes watching out for her … (128) “It was the world filled with absences. There was merely the hushed sound of water and stray cries of seabirds flying close to the surface of the calm sea” (150). “But he was already far away from them, so far that they might have been like shadows, people already lost to him. Maybe he could only imagine them all as vague presences, he ones he had loved, but love hardly mattered then, just as the haze here now meant that the line between lines hardly mattered” (151). “… watching every scene, every moment, for signs of what was missing or what might have been” … (141). Nora can’t tell her children what she’s feeling; she scarcely knows herself: “so this was what being alone was like, she thought” (204).

Others want to shut out the reality of her. Toibin’s lines are so perfect when I can’t find them and try to repeat them I know I have lost the equipoise. There are lines about the “long great sleeplessness” as he lays dying but I can’t find the exact words. So too on her rage against the the doctors who run away, the one who will not give him some drug for pain because his heart is weak. What? is the doctor afraid the patient will die? She watches Ingrid Bergman and realizes Bergman can never have done comedy well and says how glad she is of it and will watch Gaslight. Lost Horizon catches her — Ronald Colman’s presence.

Like all great fiction it teaches deeply moral ones, good moral lessons, usually unexpected and different from conventional thinking. Don’t tell your children about your deeper feelings and don’t expect anything from them. Live in and on yourself. Its flaw is the fantasy that she’s integrated again, but then she has 4 children, her husband had 2 siblings who were close to him; she has 3 sisters and they have children; she lives in a real community so she is in a crowd at any rate. I have 1 daughter who cares for me and I see; no hope of integration as there is no community in this continually moving and competitively aggressive N.Va area (NYC is as a place better that way, you can connect through public social events). I have this: the courtesy and kindness of strangers, or friends and a couple of far away relatives (on the phone every few months). I do have enough to live on and be free; she no longer is. She has lost most of all her freedom because he left her without enough money to survive without a job. She had 21 years of freedom she says (her life with her husband who earned their money) and now she must cope with meanness, grind, manipulation, lies of the sort people practice daily in the workplace. I don’t keep silent the way she does but I learn from her who not to talk to. And how much falseness there is in the depiction of widowhood. I didn’t put into the blog (but now have added) that like his other books and all good books I detail these in the blog (live in and on yourself, don’t expect anything from children or tell anything … ); its fantasy is a slight integration of the woman into the community but it may be Ireland in Enniscorthy has a community; there is none in the N.Va area where I live .. But you walk away having learned things … at minimum you see how common what you are experiencing is among those who have lost a beloved partners I’m not yet finished and can see there is a kind of final turn.
It’s astonishing how he knows.

Yes Nora Webster fits into the terrain of the novels I’ve read thus far, even has characters who are shared memories from The South, Blackwater Lightship, Brooklyn. With Jim, an enjoyable evening listening to Toibin; on Toibin’s other books.

I finished it 12/30/14.

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Then read an intelligent review about a fashion book where the people recorded expose themselves– so there was the experience in reverse.

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Heti, Julavits, Shapton posing …

The glamored-up fat volume, Women in Clothes by Sheilda Heti, Heidi Julavits, Leanne Shapton et al. The reviewer Nicola Schulman (a scholar feminist I’ve read before). I can’t just link it in because TLS has worked out an effective way to stop subscribers downloading. I have an online subscription but they provide no help to learn how to use it.

The compilers got together a group of upper middle class women, often in careers, but if not, educated types, and asked them to answer a series of questions about their attitudes towards their clothes, towards clothing themselves, towards make-up, shoes, &c&c. what are you trying to achieve when you dress? with whom do you talk about what you wear? how has your cultural background influenced how you dress? Is this for real? Shulman exposes how utterly unexamined most fashion talk is, how unaware. What if you had to throw out all clothes but one garment? I’d answer I need at least 4 to cover myself: bra, panties, top, pants. Then I could pick out 4, only I’d be missing shoes and that’s not acceptable. I need to cover my feet. Schulman quotes to great effect to show how embarrassed most of the women are to tell their real motives for the clothes they buy (they’d like to look good); a couple may mock lunatic obsessions (as when one loses a pair of gloves one liked), none will admit to vanities or the real mortifications of having to have a real woman’s body in a culture relentlessly imposing on you false ones: frail, thin, but full breasts in low-cut blouses; actresses in their 20s made to play women of 30 against actors of 50 who are made to give the impression of being under 40. Most of the women do talk about what they try to avoid, stains, spills, looking too awful. One lawyer said she is still using the same lipstick from 7 years ago — that resonated, me too I’m still using a lipstick from 10 years ago. Most reviews on line give no idea of the content. Just reprint glamor photos. Trying to achieve? not to be dressed wrong, not to be seen not fitting in, or too conspicuous for something.

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I should not omit I went to an appalling movie, The Imitation Game. BBC stars play musical chairs dressed in outfits from the 1940s and 50s? I admit fully the brilliance of Cumberbatch’s performance at the close (where he easily drove me to similar neurotic crying) and his overvoice throughout. How brilliantly the three levels of time were interwoven to make for quick pace (lest anyone be bored): Turing as a boy in public school, 1930s; Turing in war, 1941, and then Turing arrested for homosexual behavior and visited by Keira Knightley just before he kills himself in 1951.

Just awful — by which I mean the melodramatic overproduction, the values it endorsed and its faux camaraderie and patriotism.

The Imitation Game Movie New Picgoup
The heroic team finding the code out

First an ignorant and semi-hostile depiction of autism. False; that is not how autism presents itself in public except among very low functioning people. Most of the time autism is not quite visible. From what I have seen and experienced of autism, the person might well be all alone much of the time but it does not result from behaving the way the movie presented it. It will only create more discomfort for these “abnormal” people; worse more attempts to make them “normal,’ just like the movie showed was being done over homosexuality (Turing is taking hormones to rid himself of homosexuality in 1951). Funding is non-existent to help adult people who are autistic; most are un- or underemployed, never promoted — basically they are not liked because they are too sensitive and don’t work well in groups. It is though a disability not a personality trait, and one of its facets is this ease in getting lost — not being able to cope with space coordinates (some people not all — Turing as a math man would be good at space). Such presentations just encourage dopes today who dislike anyone who is not social to enforce normalizing techniques as cruel as those enforced on gay men.

I see that what I perceived as wholly horrible treatment of Turing openly in 1951, and by intuitive stealth in social bars in 1940s (these wonderful “normal” men like to tell stories of how women suck their penises), with little shown on how one should treat all others could be seen as critiquing. That expects a supersubtlety the rest of the movie doesn’t expect. Far from it. Homosexuality in the film is treated as pitiable, a sort of sickness.

Then the justified secrecy and surveillance. What is shown is nonsense claptrap about soviet-spies, with one boss played by Mark Strong, something out of James Bond. In fact the real Turing never met the Scotsman who was a communist (Allen Leech was playing the same type he does in Downton Abbey) so there was no mutual threatening (I’ll tell them you’re homosexual if you tell I’m a communist). The movie seemed to forget Russia, the UK and US were fighting together against the Nazis and Germany, that Russia won the war largely in Stalingrad. At great price. But here it’s heroic for these few men to decide this group will die and not that to protect their knowledge of this enigma code. Then they all hug one another like some simplistic pro-war propaganda film.If this did happen that way (I doubt it felt like that), rather they were instead mirroring the US/UK use of drones, of bombs today, and justifying today’s secrecy and surveillance. The paranoid atmosphere of the movie’s 1941 is a mirror of what is used to justify secrecy and surveillance today.

Suicide a complex act arising out of a life’s experience. Turing lived alone in 1951. What was it like for him in that university? the movie showed a close male friend died when he was in public school so he lost someone precious to him who he probably never replaced. The presentation here too quick, too exploitative of Cumberbatch’s, so a travesty.

Keira Knightley has gone thinner again — her role was that of Dale in Roy Rogers or Belle in Gunsmoke; she doesn’t want to give up her parents she cries out as Turing tries to persuade her to stay with them thought she’s the only woman there and 25 and not yet married. Her wig for 1951 was atrocious.

As to the history, a friend wrote concisely: “the Enigma program took 2 years off the war, when of course the atom bomb would have ended it quickly in August of 45 had it dragged on–so–maybe they saved 4 months on the outside? The hyperbole was ridiculous. They would have done much better not to try to overstate the role of this computing machine.”

I thought to myself what would Trollope have thought of this political and social culture, but then remembered the horrors of Victorian melodrama on the stage and penny dreadfuls. This is a Christmas movie, people, designed for uplift, for us to congratulate ourselves we have gone beyond 1951? to feel sorry for Turing?

I don’t know why the review are so tactful. The various fine actors thrown away (Charles Dance among them). Dan Rockmore basically says everything you would have wanted in such a film is not there. Read the biography by Andrew Hodges (1983) that does justice to the real man.

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Paul Sandby’s The Magic Lantern (1760) – where movies came from

I finished my edition of Ethelinde for Valancourt, 5 volumes, 119 annotations, introduction, bibliography, sent it off — and of course got no response from the editor. Had Jim been alive he’d have congratulated me and felt good for me; now I just worry lest the guy now not want the book after all. Jim used to call this sort of thing “waiting for the splash.” He made it sound part of the universe.

Sylvia

Author: ellenandjim

Ellen Moody holds a Ph.D in British Literature and taught in American senior colleges for more than 40 years. Since 2013 she has been teaching older retired people at two Oscher Institutes of Lifelong Learning, one attached to American University (Washington, DC) and other to George Mason University (in Fairfax, Va). She is also a literary scholar with specialties in 18th century literature, translation, early modern and women's studies, film, nineteenth and 20th century literature and of course Trollope. For Trollope she wrote a book on her experiences of reading Trollope on the Internet with others, some more academic style essays, two on film adaptations, the most recent on Trollope's depiction of settler colonialism: "On Inventing a New Country." Here is her website: http://www.jimandellen.org/ellen/ No part of this blog may be reproduced without express permission from the author/blog owner. Linking, on the other hand, is highly encouraged!

17 thoughts on “In the great blankness — waiting for the splash: Toibin’s Nora Webster, Women in Clothes; The Imitation Game”

  1. Well, congratulations on your achievement in finishing the edition! If you are satisfied, then, as Pa said in the Little House books, “It’s a good job well done.” And remember what Louisa May Alcott wrote: “Work is my salvation, and I will celebrate it.” (I don’t know why I keep quoting children’s book authors!)
    Editors take forever about everything, so never mind that. And by the way thanks for sharing the Magic Lantern picture, isn’t it wonderful.

    1. Thank you. So now there’s two of us who have congratulated me. You and me. I will try to see if I can get a response he _has_ it by this coming Monday. He could be away and not looking at his email. I worked so long and hard I want to be sure it’s there.

      Yes that’s a lovely picture I never saw before. Others may have seen it but I’ve not: it has a young black servant in it as well as a depiction of some science that looks forward ultimately to moving pictures: It is so rare that one sees new images on books because of the control exerted on institutions and anyone wanting similar respect on copyright. It’s on the cover of the ASECS brochure for panels, papers — I’m there. I’m looking forward to seeing you and Magda and Richard this March.

      1. Yes, of course I don’t know why I didn’t think of that – the editor may very well be away over the holiday. So many people use the time off to go traveling. But in any case you are perfectly justified in sending him a line (probably better to do it after New Year’s) to ask if he received it safely. It’s a legitimate concern to be worried about that with all the Christmas mail. Yes, it will be nice, you coming in March. Do let me know the dates of your travel when you know them. We could have you come to our reading group, if you have time free on Sunday from about 5 to 7 PM, I could pick you up and drive you back, and you could even be the one to suggest what book we should read, so you could have the discussion with us! But there may be talks you need to hear at ASECS on the Sunday night. In other news, yesterday was Paul’s very first day at his permanent full time librarian job! 🙂 He had orientation and learned all about the insurance and benefits and stuff like that. His library is closing for renovations in January, and the librarians are being posted to other local libraries, so he’s waiting to hear which his one will be. He’s so happy, and almost back to normal after the appendix, though he has to be careful to get a lot of sleep or he gets too tired. Got a lot to be thankful for, that’s for sure…

  2. “That’s such an interesting picture. Our local museum has a Victorian magic lantern, which was used, when the museum opened first, to illustrate lecture. I have seen it in operation and it was quite effective. Ours looks much like the glimpse one can see of the machine in the painting. It is quite a beautiful machine, all brass and black enamelled metal with a leather cover on the focusing part. Clare”

  3. Sixtine, Bob and Elaine all made good replies on my two listservs. I thank them all. It seems the movie did hit sore and anxious spots today — again a movie about today. I cross-post since I got responses from friends on two listservs.

    Bob pointed out how Russia’s determined stance at Stalingrade was central in winning the war. How easily people who didn’t endure a thing forget others’ endurance. Both Russia and the US are ignored in the movie — it’s this little band of brave Brits — chosing who will die (that’s one aspect of the fantasy that’s so not just offensive but shriekingly amoral).

    Yes they rewrote history.

    I like this from Sixtine:

    “That it might receive bad critics in the US is no surprise. That it might receive better critics in Europe is no surprise. I feel (but these are my feelings only) that there is a gap growing between Europe and the USA – even between the UK and the USA, now that the Berlin Wall has gone, that Eastern Europe countries have joined the EU, that the EU goes through a crisis, that the economic crisis we are living is known to have come from the USA, that some EU foundations have not been possibly established because of the USA (no question of government but of geopolitics).

    There is a reshuffling of cards of which this film may perhaps be a symptom. The centre of the world is slowly going away from Northern America as it has gone away from the old countries/states/nations of Europe and the stories and myths that are woven to make the fabric of peoples as nations are teared apart in this fim and show that the weaving is now creating a new pattern.

    From what I read it’s NATO who is the aggressor in the Ukraine; who made phony elections, who will not recognize elections whose result excludes NATO and its corporations from moving in to make profits (and of course through their banker-allies impose “austerity measures on the people). I keep seeing the movie as a mirror of today; why in the 1970s could the film-makers make a good film and not now: perhaps it’s that these powerful agencies have crossed the line into supporting criminal enterprises (I’m thinking of all those dead from Drone attacks, the opium and drug trades in Columbia, Mexico, Afghanistan)

    The worst thing was the autism and homosexuality. I don’t agree with Bob that there is real toleration or acceptance. Behavior to gay, lesbian, transvestite people is no longer heinous and in effect criminal; we don’t torture, kill, imprison them. But in many areas in the US where they marry openly, they often find they lose their jobs, apartments — what has happened is a slim majority has allowed gay/lesbian/tranvestite people to do normalizing things (like marry).

    The depiction of autism was much worse. Sixtine wrote rightly:

    “Ellen was surely shocked by the treatment of autism as I would be shocked by the treatment of Down Syndrome. When we are well aware of a difficult problem, it is difficult not to react with some vigour at the image it is given of it.

    (By the way, I don’t think Ellen gives in to things she would not have done with her husband: she is doing what she wants as an individual and a woman alone; it is not being feeble: it is being strong and oneself).

    We all know that being gay was unlawful in the ’50s. It is not nowadays. Gays and lesbians may marry each others (I mean lesbians together and gays together) in France. It does not mean that people are not still shocked. And from what I read, it is even worse in the USA. The film is perhaps awkward but conveys the feelings of these times and probably some of our times as well.”

    Maybe after 10-20 minutes I should have left. Sixtine, when I can predict and remember Jim’s responses, I almost always find he was right; when he’s not quite, it’s a matter of exaggeration, but his principle was the right one. He would not have gone to the film and at it after 10 minutes would have said, this is awful stuff, intolerable pretenses.

    Ellen

  4. Yes I love these kinds of fictions best. My next one will be Elena Ferrante. Now that I’ve finished Ethelinde, whatever happens as a result, I am freer. And I mean to work much less at the teaching when it comes round again. I wish I had a good British novel by a woman — I’ve tried Rachel Cusk recently, but her novels are too unrooted in deeper feeling because she’s obeying dumb conventions. Maybe I’ll try her life-writing for which she was attacked. I find I don’t like US people’s books of this type: they are finally religious at some level (providential) and think there is meaning and delude themselves with hope.

  5. Ellen, thanks for you comments on the depiction of autism. Interestingly, I don’t think anyone meant to depict autism–I believe Cumberbatch is on record as saying that none of his characters (Sherlock being the other contender) are autistic. I think the screenwriter was simply going for an idea about a certain kind of “lonely genius” and could not resist those cute scenes with the sandwiches, etc. But the result reads autistic to someone familiar with autism.

    The real Turing was certainly an “odd duck” but his friends seem to have perceived it as a protection against dealing with people he didn’t want to deal with–rather like the fictional Sherlock Holmes, in fact.

    The problem is an interesting one: what were autistic people like before the diagnosis existed? I grew up with a profoundly autistic uncle–he had a tiny vocabulary and sat all day in a chair, rocking and humming; his big treat, aside from food, was tearing the daily newspaper into tiny, perfect squares, which fascinated me. He was born in the 1920s and was labelled “retarded” and lived with his parents until his father died in 1963. Now I have a grandson whose parents allowed him to be diagnosed on the autistic spectrum because it gives them more say in his schooling (he gets a classroom aide, which the schools love). His main symptoms are what an author 100 or 200 years ago might call being “all boy.” Novelists tend to try to present characters as individuals, and I think Turing’s friends also saw him as extremely individual, really unique.

    I read Hodges’ biography. There is a film from the 90s, Breaking the Code, with Derek Jacobi (much too old for the part, but still quite brilliant) which depicts Turing and his associates much more as they were, with a frank depiction of the burglary incident as it actually went down (it is completely falsified in the new movie) and the suicide. You can see it on Youtube.I don’t think his Turing reads as autistic.

    Anyway, The Imitation Game is about as historical as the 2004 King Arthur movie. Yes, Hadrian’s Wall existed, and Bletchley Park existed. There were British, Roman, Germanic, and Sarmatian cultures in Europe in the fifth century, and warriors used swords, and Sarmatians rode horses. World War II was fought, dons wore tweeds and used blackboards and paper and built a machine that looked like the one in the movie which succeeded in cracking Enigma (for almost 2 years until the Germans added another rotor). The names belong to people from Arthurian legend/from the Bletchley Park era. The rest, unfortunately, is pure fantasy.

    Re the politics–the screenwriter is an American. I think he just has no clue at all about WWII history and politics. He just wanted to tell a good story in which a few men won the war, much like King Arthur.

    1. Thank you and especially for the Cumberbatch interview. My younger daughter is Aspergers syndrome and I believe I have some Aspergers/autistic traits; over the last 5 years I’ve met all sorts of people across the spectrum and the way Cumberbatch did play it lends itself to the grossest kinds of misperception — if he didn’t mean his character to be seen that way that’s what fashion is now in the US primarily framing it as. I see so much hostility masquerading as “care” enforcing “normalizing” as if you could say to a blind person, “here why don’t you see!” and put him in the middle of traffic to try and to across. Blaming them. Still in the US only the profoundly autistic and physically crippled and blind are treated as disabled. Deaf people are trying to escape this treatment and they have succeeded like mildly autistic people or Aspergers I sometimes think.

      Funnily enough I just read an intelligent article on medieval costume drama in the book my essay (on Andrew Davies’s Trollope films) was published: Leggott and Taddeo’s Upstairs and Downstairs. Andrew B. R. Elliot distinguishes the different films carefully (3 typologies: one Robin Hood centered, one Crusades, and one Arthur matter; these intermix but they have different emphases). Elliot attempts to show which mini-series and films made a serious effort to make a statement about the period in which the films were made (the 1970s again and again in this volume comes out as a time of better films and mini-series) and which are (he would not use this word) drivel. A celebration of male power is seen across them all — the few good men saving the world.

      I wish I had time for the book. I will try for the Jacobi — maybe this evening. Thank you. Were Jim alive I’d be buying for him Hodges’s book. Jim would have enjoyed it; he was ABD in mathematics (went to Columbia and did his dissertation but when all sorts of fundamental objections were made, he didn’t try to reconfigure it and instead became a computer scientist).

      1. Ellen, the Jacoby play is terrific and an authentic attempt to present Turing as he was, I believe. It began as a stage play and it must have been amazing to see.

        The Hodges bio is very long and goes much farther into the math than I could follow. Alas, I thought I was preparing to enjoy the film but in fact I was preparing to be unable to enjoy it!

  6. The explanation for the difference between the 1970s is more than change of structure in British TV and film industry; loss of revenue; it’s the times. This morning I watched a woman about to go to prison for exposing how the US has killed huge numbers of civilians over the course of this endless murderous warring. Of course one wants to ratchet up paranoia and justify secrecy.

  7. I finished Nora Webster last night and it came to an astonishing riveting close that took my breath away. I was taken aback as at the unexpected — it reminded me of Austen in that this bowled-over distressed feeling is of an incident that is small, doesn’t take long but feels the way it does because the rest of the book has in a way been so quiet. I refer to Emma’s cruel insult of Miss Bates of course and Mr Knightley’s sudden bursting out that he can’t take this and say nothing.

    Its presence suggested to me that reviewers didn’t finish the book — they said about how she is readjusting and the novel is about readjustment. Ha. I’ll give a little away. She comes upstairs and suddenly sees her husband in the room in a chair.

    The impact is like that of the ending of Brooklyn which other readers have said they didn’t see coming and felt was perverse. I wasn’t surprised by that one and felt it was what I expected but I remember that one too took my breath away and made me feel staggered for a time — it’s a decision the heroine makes she cannot retreat from.

    Toibin writes great novels in the Austen tradition.

  8. Just now finished watching the Derek Jacobi’s Breaking the Code — so much superior to The Imitation Game that to talk about them in the same breath is a profanation:

    Autism not an issue but yes homosexuality and thus far the long term development of the computer. Both central. The emphasis on the 1950s and what happened to him; the other two periods told either in flashbacks (very brief, with a very young Blake Ritson as Turing’s friend, Amanda Root as the young woman who feel in love with him and whom he loved as a friend). The two major roles beyond Jacobi were his mother played by Prunella Scales and the police officer who was so narrow and yet moved by the mother at the close, Alun Armstrong. Harold Pinter the man from M16 come to announce monitoring. I found very touching the depiction of Jacobi as a homosexual man trying to find companionship and the lack of dignity and threat, the sordidness of what he had to endure in the one person he could find. Here is a demonstration of how homosexuality is not presented sympathetically in the later programs. I could understand deeply how someone brought up in the 1950s looking at homosexuality might say I don’t want to be that, I don’t want to know that and hide away. Surveillance came in only after Turing was imprisoned and was the result of 1950s fears for “security:” they spied on, followed and openly monitored Turing. The implied depths throughout were enough to explain the suicide.

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